New model for making resilient decisions in an uncertain context: The rational resilience-based decision-making model (R2DM)
Abstract
The present paper came into existence with the specific purpose of providing an optimized process that enables making resilient decisions in an uncertain context, and here our interest is particularly focused on the activity of new venture creation and on the entrepreneurial decision-making logic, in particular, effectuation theory. Within this framework, the rational resilience-based decision-making model (R2DM) is introduced. The relevant steps of this model are: (1) The identification of the problem and the available options. In this instance, the studied situation is the effectual customer co-creation case, and the available alternatives are planning, visionary, adaptative and transforming approaches, (2) The definition of the selection criteria that should be used to evaluate the available alternatives. In our case, these criteria are the six principles of entrepreneurial resilience, which are set out in detail, (3) The choice of the methodology to be followed in assessing the available options. To that end, three interconnected methods, based mainly on logical thinking and reasoning, are proposed. They are respectively devoted to Entrepreneurial resilience (ER) calculation, options classification using logistic regression algorithm, and the determination of the most resilient route to reach objectives employing graph theory. The obtained results are compared to what is advocated in the literature and conclusions are made.
Downloads
References
Abzug, Z. M. (2017). The neurocomputational basis of serial decision-making. DukeSpace. Retrieved December 6, 2021, from https://dukespace.lib.duke.edu/dspace/handle/10161/16361.
Akinboye, A., & Morrish, S. C. (2022). Conceptualizing post-disaster entrepreneurial decision-making: Prediction and control under extreme environmental uncertainty. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 102703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102703
Aldianto, L., Anggadwita, G., Permatasari, A., Mirzanti, I. R., & Williamson, I. O. (2021). Toward a business resilience framework for startups. Sustainability, 13(6), 3132. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063132.
Branicki, L. J., Sullivan-Taylor, B., & Livschitz, S. R. (2017). How entrepreneurial resilience generates resilient smes. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 24(7), 1244–1263. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-11-2016-0396.
Cardon, M. S., Stevens, C. E. (2004). Managing human resources in small organizations: What do we know? Human Resource Management Review, 14(3), 295–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2004.06.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2004.06.001
Chrisman, J. J., Chua, J. H., & Steier, L. P. (2011). Resilience of family firms: An introduction. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35(6), 1107–1119. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2011.00493.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2011.00493.x
Curran, S. (2010). The impact of the recession on companies' strategies in the Irish airline industry. Researchgate. Retrieved September 20, 2021, from https://research.thea.ie/bitstream/handle/20.500.12065/279/Sacha_Curran_20130918082309.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.
d’Andria, A., Gabarret, I., & Vedel, B. (2018). Resilience and effectuation for a successful business takeover. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 24(7), 1200–1221. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-11-2016-0367 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-11-2016-0367
De Winnaar, K., Scholtz, F. (2019). Entrepreneurial decision-making: New Conceptual Perspectives. Management Decision, 58(7), 1283–1300. https://doi.org/10.1108/md-11-2017-1152
El Bouchefry, K., & de Souza, R. S. (2020). Learning in big data: Introduction to machine learning. Knowledge Discovery in Big Data from Astronomy and Earth Observation, 225–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-819154-5.00023-0.
Enayattabar, M., Ebrahimnejad, A., & Motameni, H. (2018). Dijkstra algorithm for shortest path problem under interval-valued pythagorean fuzzy environment. Complex & Intelligent Systems, 5(2), 93–100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-018-0083-y DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-018-0083-y
Febrianto, Sulistiawati, Rahman, B., & Arifin, S. (2022). The relationship between confidence and mathematics learning achievement of Junior High School students. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2279(1), 012009. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2279/1/012009
Gelaidan, H. M., & Abdullateef, A. O. (2017). Entrepreneurial intentions of business students in Malaysia. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 24(1), 54–67. https://doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-06-2016-0078 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-06-2016-0078
George-Weinstein, M. (2020). Flexibility and Adaptation: Key Elements for Preserving Research Continuity During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Delaware Journal of Public Health, 6(1), 66-67. https://doi.org/10.32481/djph.2020.04.016
Ghorbel, F., Hachicha, W., Boujelbene, Y., & Aljuaid, A. M. (2021). Linking entrepreneurial innovation to effectual logic. Sustainability, 13(5), 2626. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13052626
Goel, S., & Karri, R. (2006). Entrepreneurs, effectual logic, and over–trust. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(4), 477–493. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2006.00131.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2006.00131.x
Gong, Y., & Janssen, M. (2010). Measuring process flexibility and agility. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance - ICEGOV '10, Beijing, China, 173–182. https://doi.org/10.1145/1930321.1930358 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/1930321.1930358
Hedner, T., Abouzeedan, A., & Klofsten, M. (2011). Entrepreneurial resilience. Annals of Innovation & Entrepreneurship, 2(1), 7986. https://doi.org/10.3402/aie.v2i1.6002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3402/aie.v2i1.6002
Hoegl, M., & Hartmann, S. (2020). Bouncing back, if not beyond: Challenges for research on resilience. Asian Business & Management, 20(4), 456–464. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41291-020-00133-z
Hoekstra, A. Y., Bredenhoff-Bijlsma, R., & Krol, M. S. (2018). The control versus resilience rationale for managing systems under uncertainty. Environmental Research Letters, 13(10), 103002. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aadf95
Khoshnodifar, Z., Ghonji, M., Mazloumzadeh, S. M., Abdollahi, V. (2016). Effect of communication channels on success rate of entrepreneurial smes in the agricultural sector (a case study). Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 15(1), 83–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2014.04.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2014.04.001
Khurana, I., Krichevskiy, D., Dempster, G., & Stimpson, S. (2020). Institutions, entrepreneurial adaptation, and the legal form of the organization. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy, 10(2), 261–283. https://doi.org/10.1108/jepp-10-2019-0087
Liu, Y. (2019). Contextualising risk and building resilience: Returnees versus local entrepreneurs in China. Applied Psychology, 69(2), 415–443. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12177
Long, D., Wang, H., Wang, P. (2021). Built to sustain: The effect of entrepreneurial decision-making logic on New Venture Sustainability. Sustainability, 13(4), 2170. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13042170
Masango, S. G., & Lassalle, P. (2020). What entrepreneurs do? Entrepreneurial action guided by entrepreneurial opportunities and entrepreneurial learning in early internationalising firms. International Marketing Review, 37(6), 1083–1119. https://doi.org/10.1108/imr-10-2018-0273
McCarthy, N. (2017). The top reasons startups fail [infographic]. Forbes. Retrieved September 20, 2021, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/niallmccarthy/2017/11/03/the-top-reasons-startups-fail-infographic/?sh=5c9fb3d44b0d.
Modarresi, A., & Symons, J. (2019). Modeling and graph analysis for enhancing resilience in smart homes. Procedia Computer Science, 160, 197–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.09.471
Pacho, F. T., & Mushi, H. (2021). The effect of effectuation set of means on new venture performance: Flexibility principle as a mediating factor. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 13(5), 819-837. https://doi.org/10.1108/jeee-02-2020-0023
Rector, J., Rector, J., Rikkert, M. G., & Melis, R. (2019). Resilience and recovery in older adults: A complex systems approach. Innovation in Aging, 3(Suppl 1): S376-S377. PMCID: PMC6840620. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1380
Russell-Bennett, R., McColl-Kennedy, J. R., Coote, L. V. (2007). Involvement, satisfaction, and brand loyalty in a small business services setting. Journal of Business Research, 60(12), 1253–1260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.05.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.05.001
Rymarczyk, T., Kozłowski, E., Kłosowski, G., & Niderla, K. (2019). Logistic regression for machine learning in process tomography. Sensors, 19(15), 3400. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19153400.
Saad, N. A., Elgazzar, S., & Mlaker Kac, S. (2022). Investigating the impact of resilience, responsiveness, and quality on customer loyalty of msmes: Empirical evidence. Sustainability, 14(9), 5011. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095011
Said, S., Bouloiz, H., & Gallab, M. (2019). A new structure of sociotechnical system processes using Resilience Engineering. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 11, 184797901982715. https://doi.org/10.1177/1847979019827151
Said, S., Bouloiz, H., & Gallab, M. (2020). Resilience assessment of system process through Fuzzy Logic: Case of COVID-19 context. Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, 5(5), 1247–1260. https://doi.org/10.25046/aj0505150
Sarasvathy, S. D. (2008). Effectuation: Elements of entrepreneurial expertise. New horizons in entrepreneurship. Cheltenham: Edgar Elgar. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781848440197
Sarasvathy, S. D., & Kotha, S. (2001). Dealing with Knightian uncertainty in the new economy: The real networks case. In J. Butler (Ed.), Research on Management and Entrepreneurship, 1, 31–62. Greenwich, CT: IAP Inc.
Sarasvathy, S., Kumar, K., York, J. G., & Bhagavatula, S. (2014). An effectual approach to international entrepreneurship: Overlaps, challenges, and provocative possibilities. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(1), 71–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12088 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12088
Silberzahn, P. (2016). L’effectuation, logique de pensée des entrepreneurs experts. Entreprendre & Innover, 28(1), 76-82. https://doi.org/10.3917/entin.028.0076 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/entin.028.0076
Silberzahn, P., & Enrico, G. (2016). L'effectuation en action. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01892750.
Stephan, U., Zbierowski, P., Pérez-Luño, A., Wach, D., Wiklund, J., Alba Cabañas, M., Barki, E., Benzari, A., Bernhard-Oettel, C., Boekhorst, J. A., Dash, A., Efendic, A., Eib, C., Hanard, P.-J., Iakovleva, T., Kawakatsu, S., Khalid, S., Leatherbee, M., Li, J., … Zahid, M. M. (2022). Act or wait-and-see? adversity, agility, and entrepreneur wellbeing across countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 104225872211048. https://doi.org/10.1177/10422587221104820
Kiritz, C. (2015). Weighing Options, Confronting Obstacles. Grantsmanship Center. https://policycommons.net/artifacts/1647781/weighing-options-confronting-obstacles.
Uzonwanne, F. C. (2018). Rational model of decision-making. Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, 5334–5339. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20928-9_2474
Yauch, C. A. (2011). Measuring agility as a performance outcome. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 22(3), 384–404. https://doi.org/10.1108/17410381111112738 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/17410381111112738
Yi, Y., & Gong, T. (2008). If employees “go the extra mile,” do customers reciprocate with similar behavior? Psychology & Marketing, 25(10), 961–986. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20248 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20248